David Ricardo – First Principle

On measuring technical change

This page enables you to download the first article A Reappraisal of Ricardo’s Principles – On measuring technical change and the accompanying Excel file Measuring technical change and its manual.

To show the importance and scope of understanding Ricardo’s first principle properly you are also able to download the paper Oligopolistic Competition and Economic Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the EEA-ESEM conference in Istanbul, 1996.

But first you are invited to read the letter to introduce the first article.

1. Slightly modified on January 18, 2025 ↩︎
2. Revised paper: preliminary estimation results have been replaced by significantly better ones, especially by shortening the estimation period 1960-2018 to 1975-2018 (January 18, 2024). ↩︎